In the flame, electrons get excited and pushed to higher
energy levels by the heat energy. When they fall back down, they give
off photons of light of different colors, based upon how far they fall.
Different temperatures cause electrons to jump to different levels, but
different types of atoms also have energy levels that are different
distances apart. Thus putting copper into a flame causes a green glow
because electrons on the copper atoms are falling and jumping exactly
the right distance to emit or absorb photons of the frequency we see as
green
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