A Hologram is made by taking a single coherent beam, usually from a LASER, and splitting it into two beams.
One of the beams called a reference beam, directly hits a
photographic plate where as other is reflected off an object (whose image needs
to be stored in the Hologram). The interference pattern of these two beams is
stored as Hologram.
When light is focussed on this Holographic plate, it
reflects off the plate, but after mixing with the stored pattern.
So if the original
light beam that was used is directed at the corrected angle, it cancels out the
component corresponding to reference beam and we see the object.
However, in a typical room, Light hits hologram from all
angles and is also reflected back in all angles. Hence, there will be a beam that
will fall on plate at same angle as that of reference and reflect the image of
the object. If our eye happens to be in the path of the reflected beam then we
can see the stored object.
If two interference patterns were stored simultaneously with
different reference beam, we can see two different images depending on the
angle of viewing. Because the light reaches each eye is not exactly the same,
the 3D effect or perception of depth is produced.
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