Types of Nuclei - Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Mirror Nuclei, Isoelectronic Species, Isodiaphers


Characteristics of different types of  Nuclei is as follows:

Isotopes

  • Same Atomic Number(Z)
  • Same number of electrons
  • Same number of Protons
  • Different Mass Numbers
  • Different number of Neutrons
  • Same chemical properties
  • Different Physical Properties
  • Belong to same element
eg: 1H1  ,  1H2 , 1H3


Isobars

  • Different Atomic Number(Z)
  • Different number of electrons
  • Different number of Protons
  • Same Mass Number
  • Different number of Neutrons
  • Different chemical properties
  • Different Physical Properties
  • Belong to different elements
eg: 6C14  ,  7N148O14

Isotones

  • Different Atomic Number(Z)
  • Different number of electrons
  • Different number of Protons
  • Different Mass Number
  • Same number of Neutrons
  • Different Chemical Properties
  • Different Physical Properties
  • Belong to different elements
eg: 16S36  ,  17Cl37

Mirror Nuclei

  • Different Atomic Number(Z)
  • Different number of electrons
  • Different number of Protons
  • Same Mass Number
  • Different number of Neutrons
  • Neutrons and Protons are interchanged 

Isoelectronic Species

Species having equal number of electrons.

Isodiaphers

Nuclides having the same difference between Protons & Neutrons

  • Different Atomic Number(Z)
  • Different number of electrons
  • Different number of Protons(P)
  • Different Mass Number(A)
  • Different number of Neutrons(N)
  • Same (P-N)

eg: 92U238  90Th234

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