Types of Nuclei - Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Mirror Nuclei, Isoelectronic Species, Isodiaphers

Characteristics of different types of  Nuclei is as follows:

Isotopes

• Same Atomic Number(Z)
• Same number of electrons
• Same number of Protons
• Different Mass Numbers
• Different number of Neutrons
• Same chemical properties
• Different Physical Properties
• Belong to same element

eg: ₁H¹  ,  ₁H² , ₁H³

Isobars

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons
• Same Mass Number
• Different number of Neutrons
• Different chemical properties
• Different Physical Properties
• Belong to different elements

eg: ₆C¹⁴  ,  ₇N¹⁴,  ₈O¹⁴

Isotones

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons
• Different Mass Number
• Same number of Neutrons
• Different Chemical Properties
• Different Physical Properties
• Belong to different elements

eg: ₁₆S³⁶  ,  ₁₇Cl³⁷

Mirror Nuclei

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons
• Same Mass Number
• Different number of Neutrons
• Neutrons and Protons are interchanged 

Isoelectronic Species

Species having equal number of electrons.

Isodiaphers

Nuclides having the same difference between Protons & Neutrons

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons(P)
• Different Mass Number(A)
• Different number of Neutrons(N)
• Same (P-N)

eg: ₉₂U²³⁸  ₉₀Th²³⁴