USES OF ISOTOPES

 

Purpose	Isotope Name
IN MEDICINE
For testing blood	Chromium-51
For testing blood circulation	Na-24
For testing brain tumor	Hg-203
Thyroid problem	I-131
Treatment of Cancer	Co-60
For blood disorders	Au-189
For skin diseases	P-31
IN ARCHAEOLOGY
Carbon Dating	C-14
Determining age of meteorites	K-40
Determining age of earth	Pb isotopes
IN AGRICULTURE
For protecting potato crop from earth worm	Co-60
For artificial rains	AgI
For fertilizers	P-32

Types of Nuclei - Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Mirror Nuclei, Isoelectronic Species, Isodiaphers

Characteristics of different types of  Nuclei is as follows:

Isotopes

• Same Atomic Number(Z)
• Same number of electrons
• Same number of Protons
• Different Mass Numbers
• Different number of Neutrons
• Same chemical properties
• Different Physical Properties
• Belong to same element

eg: ₁H¹  ,  ₁H² , ₁H³

Isobars

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons
• Same Mass Number
• Different number of Neutrons
• Different chemical properties
• Different Physical Properties
• Belong to different elements

eg: ₆C¹⁴  ,  ₇N¹⁴,  ₈O¹⁴

Isotones

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons
• Different Mass Number
• Same number of Neutrons
• Different Chemical Properties
• Different Physical Properties
• Belong to different elements

eg: ₁₆S³⁶  ,  ₁₇Cl³⁷

Mirror Nuclei

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons
• Same Mass Number
• Different number of Neutrons
• Neutrons and Protons are interchanged 

Isoelectronic Species

Species having equal number of electrons.

Isodiaphers

Nuclides having the same difference between Protons & Neutrons

• Different Atomic Number(Z)
• Different number of electrons
• Different number of Protons(P)
• Different Mass Number(A)
• Different number of Neutrons(N)
• Same (P-N)

eg: ₉₂U²³⁸  ₉₀Th²³⁴