A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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Non-Conservative
Force
If the work done by a force acting on a
body depends on path followed then it is called as non-conservative force.
Non-Crystalline
The solid state
where in there is no long range atomic order.
Non-Ferrous
Alloy
A metal alloy for
which iron is not prime constituent.
Non-Inertial
Frames of Reference:
The frames
relative to which an un-accelerated body appears accelerated are called
non-inertial frames. All accelerated frames are non-inertial frames.
Non-Polar
Dielectric
It is the
substance in which the net electric dipole moment is zero because of its
symmetrical structure. The center of gravity of positive and negative charges
will coincide.
Normal
Distribution
See Gaussian
distribution
Normal
Force
When two bodies
are in contact or when one body is placed over another body, the contact force
which either body exerts on other body normal to contact surface is called
normal force or normal reaction.
Norton’s Theorem
In a linear
network consisting of emfs and resistances when viewed from its output
terminals, is equivalent to constant current source with parallel effective
resistance. The constant current is equal to current which would flow in a
short circuit placed across terminals, and the parallel resistance is
resistance of network when viewed from open circuited terminals after all emfs
have been removed & replaced by internal resistances.
NTP
Normal
temperature and pressure is defined as air at 20oC (293.15k) and
1atm.
N-Type
Semiconductor
A type of semiconductor
for which the predominant charge carriers responsible for electrical conduction
are electrons. Normally donor impurity
atoms give rise to excess electrons.
Nuclear
Emulsion
Nuclear
photographic emulsion, also called Nuclear Emulsion,
radiation detector generally
in the form of a glass plate thinly coated with a transparent medium containing
a silver halide compound. Passage of charged subatomic particles is recorded in
the emulsion in the same way that ordinary black and white photographic film
records a picture. After photographic developing, a permanent record of the
paths of the charged particles remains and may be observed through a
microscope. Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by its effect on a
photographic plate, and nuclear emulsions later played a pivotal role in
cosmic-ray research—for example, in the discovery of the Pion in 1947.
Nuclear
Fission
Physical
process in which a massive nucleus splits into fragments yielding high energy
which gets distributed as kinetic energy of fragments and heat; this is because
the sum of masses of fragments will be less than mass of nucleus. If the mass
of fragments is equal to or greater than that of iron at peak of binding energy
curve, then nuclear particles will be more tightly bound then they were in Uranium
nucleus, and that decrease in mass comes off in form of energy according to
Einstein equation.
or
It
is a type of neutron interaction produced by bombardment of certain very high
atomic number nuclei (Z ≥ 92) by thermal or fast neutrons. The target nucleus
fragments into two daughter nuclei of lighter mass and the fission process is
accompanied with production of fast neutrons. Nuclei that are capable of
undergoing fission are called fissionable nuclei in general. Nuclei that
undergo fission with thermal neutrons are called fissionable nuclei. Fission
fragments combined with the nuclei that are subsequently formed through
radioactive decay of fission fragments are called fission products.
Nuclear
Force
It holds nucleons
together. It must be very strong since it mostly overcomes Coulomb force. It
must have a short range of order 10-13 cm. It holds the quarks
together and also holds protons and neutrons together in nucleus of an atom. It
is believed that this force is carried by another spin – 1 particle called the
Gluon which interacts only with itself and with the quarks.
Nuclear
Fusion
Nuclear reaction
in which two or more lighter nuclei combine together to form new nucleus. In order
to overcome electrostatic interaction for combination of two nuclei, high kinetic
energies are required. This is usually achieved by heating matter to very high
temperatures leading to plasma state.
Nuclear
Magnetron
Any charged particle moving in a closed path
produces a magnetic field, which at larger distance acts as due to magnetic
dipole located at current loop. The protons inside the nucleus are in orbital
motion and therefore produce electric currents which produce extra nuclear
magnetic fields. Each nucleon possesses an intrinsic magnetic moment which is
parallel to its spin and is probably caused by spinning of nucleon.
Nuclear Physics
The branch of physics which deals with study of internal structure and behavior of nucleus and its constituents.
Nuclear
Reaction
When an atomic
nucleus interacts with other nuclei or particle, its structure, mass or energy
gets changed. Such a process is referred to as nuclear reaction.
Nuclear
Reactor
It is an
arrangement used to generate power by utilizing nuclear energy. Fissionable
isotopes of Uranium, Plutonium are used as fuel. Heat energy released from
fission is used for converting water into steam for driving turbines to
generate electricity.
Nuclear
Spin
The total angular momentum of nucleus is
usually called nuclear spin.
Nucleon
The charge
independence of nuclear interactions suggests that Neutron and Protons are two
states of single entity, the nucleon.
Nuclide
Any nuclear species characterized by its
atomic number and mass number is called as nuclide. It is conventionally
denoted by where AXZ; X is symbol of element; ‘A’ is mass
number and ‘Z’ is called as atomic number
Nutation
The rise and fall of axis of rotation about
its position of dynamic equilibrium is called as Nutation.
