PHYSICS DICTIONARY

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British Thermal Unit(BTU)

It is a standard unit of energy that is used in the United States and sometimes in UK. It represents the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of pure water by one Fahrenheit from the temperature at which water has its greatest density i.e. 39 oF. The Btu is a measure in so called English system of units.

1Btu = 1055 Joules, a unit of energy in SI units.


Brittle Substances

Substances which break as soon as the stress is increased beyond elastic limit are called brittle substances.


Bronze

A copper rich copper tin alloy.


Brownian Motion

Irregular, random and zigzag motion of suspended particles in liquid is called Brownian motion.


Bubble Chamber

It was designed by D M Glaser in 1952. It is device used to detect ionizing radiation. The principle underlying this chamber is as follows:

The chamber uses super heated liquid (a liquid that has been heated above its normal boiling point by increasing the pressure over it. When the pressure is suddenly reduced to atmospheric pressure, the liquid remains in unstable super heated state for some time.  If during this interval, an ionizing particle traverses the liquid within few milli seconds after the pressure is released, ions are formed which act as centers for formation of vapor bubbles. The vapor bubbles grow at rapid rate and attain a visible size in a time of order of

10-100 μsec. 


Bulk Modulus

The ratio of bulk stress to bulk strain within the elastic limit is called bulk modulus or coefficient of volume elasticity.


Bulk Stress

If a body is subjected to the same force normal to all its faces such that there is a change in its volume then normal force per unit area is called bulk stress.


Buoyancy

The property of fluid as per which, a net upward force is exerted on the object by the fluid in which object is immersed partially or completely. 


Buoyant Force

As per Archimedes (a Greek mathematician), a body which is completely or partially immersed in a fluid will experience an upward force called buoyant force, which is equal to weight of fluid displaced by object. The buoyant force is due to difference between the pressure at the bottom of the object pushing up on it, and the pressure at the top pushing down.


Burgers Vector

The magnitude and direction of the lattice distortion associated with a dislocation is expressed in terms of a vector called burger vector.

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