PHYSICS DICTIONARY

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Chi square Test

It is also called goodness of fit test. The test allows testing hypothesis using nominal or ordinal data. It does this by testing whether one set of proportions is higher or lower than you would expect by chance. Chi square summarizes the discrepancy between the observed and expected frequencies.


Choke Coil

An inductance coil used in alternating current circuits to limit the current without dissipation of power is called as choke coil. Choke consists of a pure copper wire wounded on a rectangular soft iron to minimize eddy currents and hysteresis losses. 


Chord

A line segment connecting two points in a circle.


Chromatic Aberration

The type of aberration found in images formed by lenses when the source of light is not monochromatic. Formation of a colored and blurred image of white object by a lens due to dispersion is called chromatic aberration. 


Chromosphere

It is narrow layer above Photosphere. It constitutes gaseous layer. It can’t be seen by naked eye and usually appears as narrow, red ring around sun.


Circle

It is a geometrical plane figure which is locus of all points equidistant from central point.


Circular Motion

It is motion of an object in a circle at a constant speed.


Circular Polarization

Light is said to be circular polarized if two electromagnetic waves are perpendicular to each other having same amplitude and phase difference of 90o.


Circularly Polarized Light

When two plane polarized light waves superpose with a definite phase difference, the resultant light vector revolves with fixed amplitude in a plane perpendicular to direction of propagation of light. In some special cases, the tip of light vector describes a circle. This light is called circularly polarized light.   


Circumference

Perimeter of circle is called as circumference.


Cladding

Process of covering fuel bundles in nuclear reactors to avoid direct physical contact to the moderator or coolant is called as cladding. The cladding material is transparent to the thermal neutrons and withstands very high temperatures. 


Classical Physics

Classical physics is the branch of physics which depends on Newton’s laws of motion. Classical physics is usually divided into several branches, each of which deals with a group of related phenomena. Mechanics is the study of forces and their effect on matter. Dynamics is the study of change in motion because of force. Hydromechanics is the mechanics of fluids; that is, of liquids and gases. Hydromechanics is also known as fluid mechanics. Statics deals with how force affects bodies in constant motion and moving in a constant direction. Optics is the study of the behavior of light. Thermodynamics is the study of heat, and how heat energy is stored, transmitted, and converted to other forms of energy. Acoustics is the study of sound. The study of electricity and magnetism also forms a branch of classical physics.  


Clausius Clapeyrons Equation

Thermodynamics equation which tells us that the change in melting or boiling point with the change in pressure in terms of latent heat of fusion or latent heat of vaporization. It is expressed as

T(dP/dt)=L /T(V2-V1)    

‘T’ is Constant Temperature;    ‘P’ is Pressure

      ‘L’ is Latent heat at const temperature. V2 and V1 are specific volumes of substance before and after change in state without change in temp.

     If V2 > V1; Melting point increases with increase in pressure and boiling point increases with increase in pressure.

     If V2<V1; Melting point decreases with increase in pressure.


Clausius Mossotti Relation

It is the relation between macroscopic dielectric constant and microscopic polarization.


Clausius Statement of Second Law of Thermodynamics

It is impossible for a self acting machine, to transfer heat continuously from one body to another at high temperature.


Clausius Theorem

The sum of quantities of heat transfer during the isothermal change divided by absolute temperature of isothermal in a reversible cycle is zero.


Cleavage

For most brittle crystalline materials, crack propagation corresponds to the successive and repeated breaking of atomic bonds along specific crystallographic planes. This phenomenon is called as cleavage. 


Clebsch-Gordon Coefficient

The Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are sets of numbers that arise in angular momentum coupling under the laws of quantum mechanics. 

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