PHYSICS DICTIONARY

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Rockwell Hardness Tests

They are tests for measurement of hardness.  A hardness number is determined by the difference in depth of penetration resulting from the application of an initial minor load followed by a larger major load.

Roentgen Equivalent Man (REM)

The dose equivalent is measured in units of REM when the dose is in RADs.

Roentgen

It is defined as the exposure resulting in an ionizing charge of  1esu in 1 cm3 of air at 0 oC and 760mm of Hg pressure (corresponding to a mass of 0.001293gms). One roentgen equals 2.58 x 10-4 C/Kg.

Rolling Friction

When one body rolls over another body, the friction that acts between those bodies is rolling friction.

Rotating Crystal Method

A method used to study crystal structure. In this method a monochromatic beam of X-ray is incident on a rotating single crystal sample. Diffraction maxima occur when the sample orientation relative to the incident beam satisfies Bragg’s law.

Rotation

It is type of motion of body, in which every particle of body describes circular path and moves along concentric circles about the centre of the rotation. Every particle of the body experiences the same angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration as any other particle of the body.

Rotational Spectrum

Rotational spectroscopy is concerned with the measurement of the energies of transitions between quantized rotational states of molecules in the gas phase. Rotational spectroscopy has primarily been used to investigate fundamental aspects of molecular physics.  It is a uniquely precise tool for the determination of molecular structure in gas phase molecules.

Rotatory Motion

Motion of a body is said to be rotatory under following conditions:

i)   Every particle of the body describes circular path and they move along concentric circles about centre of rotation.

ii)  Every particle of body experiences the same angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration as any other particle of the body.

iii)   It can be produced or changed by an unbalanced torque.

Roughing Pump

Pump which exhausts to atmosphere. This type of pump is usually meant to create low vacuum in the closed vessel.

Rutherford

 It is a unit of Radioactivity. 1Roentgen = 106 disintegrations/sec.

Rutherford Scattering

Rutherford scattering, first discovered by Lord Rutherford, refers to the elastic scattering of a heavy charged particle (such as an α-particle) from a nucleus. In his famous scattering experiment, Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil by α-particles and studied how many of them deflected from their original direction of motion. He noticed that most of the α-particles passed through the foil un-deflected while very few deflected at very large angles. This experiment proved that most of the space in the atom is empty and the positive charge is concentrated into a small space, which we now call nucleus. This pioneering work by Rutherford changed the way the atoms are visualized forever. Rutherford scattering is sometimes referred to as Coulomb scattering since the Coulomb force between the incident particle and the target nucleus is responsible for the interaction.

Rydberg Constant

The Rydberg constant, symbol R or RH, named after the Swedish Physicist Johannes Rydberg, is a physical constant  relating to atomic spectra in the science of spectroscopy. The value is given by 1.0973731534 x 107 m-1. 

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