A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Constant
Error
When a physical quantity is measured a
number of times using the same instrument, if the error is same in all
measurements, then it is called as constant error.
Constant
Pressure Gas Thermometer
It is a
thermometer in which volume occupied by a given mass of gas at constant
pressure is used to determine a temperature.
Constant
Volume Gas Thermometer
It has a thin
walled glass container and manometer. The glass container is full of gas.
Constantan
An alloy of Copper
and Nickel, usually 60% Cu and 40% Ni . The alloy has high resistance and low
temp coefficient, hence used in resistance wires and thermocouples.
Constrained
Motion of a Rotating Body
If some
restrictions are imposed on individual particles of system like restriction to
change their positions or velocities, the system is called “constrained
system”.
Constructive
Interference
Interference at
the points where the intensity of light is maximum is called as constructive
interference.
Continuous
Spectrum
It contains all
wavelengths from violet to red. It is given by incandescent (red hot) solids
and liquids. It is not the characteristic of an atom or molecule but it is
emitted by matter bulk. It depends on temperature of source. It is due to
thermal excitation.
Control
Rod
Devices having
high absorption cross section for neutrons used in nuclear reactor to control
the neutron reactivity , influencing availability of neutrons to cause fission
thus effecting criticality of reactor.
Convection
Mechanism of heat
transfer through fluids like air or water when comes into contact with an
object whose temperature is higher than that of fluid. As temperature of fluid
in contact with hot body increases, expands & thus becomes less dense and
due to buoyant forces it raises and the position is occupied by cooler
surrounding fluid and the process continues.
Converging
Lens
See convex lens.
Conversion
Electron
See internal
conversion.
Convex
Lens
It is lens that bulges outward and thicker at center. It is an optical
device which converge transmitted light to a focus.
Coolant(Reactor)
Coolant is a
fluid having high boiling point and high specific heat, used in nuclear reactor
to remove the heat liberated during the fission process in fuel bundles.
Coolidge
X-ray Tube
In
1914 William Coolidge, an American physicist, introduced a new X-ray tube design
based on a hot cathode which drastically improved the reliability and performance
of clinical X-ray tubes.
The
hot cathode consists of a filament made of a high melting point metal,
typically Tungsten (melting point 3422 ◦C) or a Tungsten based alloy, heated to a
relatively high temperature to serve as source of electrons. The hot cathode
emits electrons thermionically. Emitted electrons are accelerated towards
target material (anode), from which X-rays are generated.
Cooper
Pairs
Cooper showed
that an arbitrarily small attraction between electrons in a metal can cause a
paired state of electrons to have lower energy than the Fermi energy, which
implies that the pair is bound. BCS theory of super conductors took basis of
cooper pairs, which are presumed to be formed due to electron– phonon
interaction at extremely low temperatures. The coupling is over a range of
hundreds of nanometers. They take character of Boson at low temperatures are
condense into ground state.
Coordinate
Bond
A coordinate bond
is a covalent bond
between two atoms where
one of the atoms provides both electrons
that form the bond.
Coordinate
Geometry
The use of
algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a
coordinate system
Coordinates
Coordinates are
set of values that show an exact position of a point or object in reference
frame.
Co-ordination
Number
Number of nearest
neighbor atoms for a particular atom at a lattice point is called as coordinate
number. In chemistry, it is the number of atoms linked or bonded to a
particular atom.
Coriollis
Force
Fictitious force
acting on an object in non-inertial frame is known as coriollis force.
Corona Discharge
An electrical discharge characterized by a corona, occurring when one of two conducting surfaces (such as electrodes) of differing voltages has a pointed shape, resulting in a highly concentrated electric field at its tip that ionizes the air (or other gas) around it. Corona discharge can result in power loss in the transmission of electric power, and is used in photocopying machines and air-purification devices.
