PHYSICS DICTIONARY

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Mechanical Wave
It is a disturbance which transmits from one part to the other part of the medium with a constant speed by periodic oscillations of the medium particles.


Mechanics

Branch of physics which deals with behavior of environmental objects under force.

(or)

Branch of physics which deals with energy & forces acting on materialistic bodies in motion is called mechanics.


Median

The median, as implied by its name, is the middle value in a distribution of values. To calculate the median, simply sort all of the values from lowest to highest and then identify the middle value.


Medical Physics

Branch of physics which uses physics principles in practice of medicine. It is most often used to describe physics applications related to use of radiation in medicine.

Medical physics is a branch of physics dealing with the application of physics to medicine, most generally in three areas:  Diagnostic imaging physics, Nuclear medicine physics and Radiotherapy physics. While nuclear medicine concentrates mainly on application of unsealed radio nuclides for diagnosis and treatment of disease, the use of x rays forms an important component of diagnostic radiology as well as radio therapy.


Mega

Prefix in metric system denoting a factor of million i.e. 106 of basic unit.         


Meissner Effect

The property of exhibiting perfect diamagnetism by super conductor is called Meissner effect.


Melanin

It is pigment on human skin which absorbs UV rays.


Melody

When two or more notes are sounded one after the other, the combined note producing pleasing effect on the ear, is called melody.


Melting

Physical process which results in phase transition and a substance from solid to liquid under influence of temperature.


Melting Point

Temperature at which solid changes its state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.

 

Membrane

 A semi permeable thin layer of material capable of separating


MEMS

 A large number of miniature mechanical devices that are integrated with electrical elements on a silicon substrate. Mechanical components act as micro sensors and micro actuators and are in form of beams, gears, motors and membranes. In response to micro sensor stimuli, the electrical elements render decisions that direct responses to the micro actuator devices.


Meniscus

The curved upper surface of a non turbulent liquid in a container fixed close to the surface of container, caused by surface tension. It can be either convex or concave.


Meson

Modern definition of Meson is that it is a particle that is believed to be fundamental, not composite capable of participating in strong interactions. It is a Boson


Meta Stable State

Atomic or nuclear energy level, which has life time of order 10-3 sec or more.


Metallic Bond

In this type of bonding, the valence electrons which hold atoms together are not bound to individual atoms or pairs of atoms but moves freely throughout the whole metal.


Meteor

It is a small body of matter from other space that enters the earth’s atmosphere appearing as streak of light.


Meteorology

 It is science of weather. It is interdisciplinary science because atmosphere, land and ocean constitute integrated system. The 3 basic aspects of meteorology are observation, understanding and prediction of weather.


Mho

Unit for electrical conductance; the name suggested by Thomson.

Refer Siemens also.


Michelson’s Interferometer
The Michelson interferometer produces interference fringes by splitting a beam of monochromatic light so that one beam strikes a fixed mirror and the other a movable mirror. When the reflected beams are brought back together then interference pattern results. Precise distance measurements can be made with the Michelson interferometer by moving the mirror and counting the interference fringes which move by a reference point. 

PHYSICS DICTIONARY

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Magnon

Quantum of a spin wave.

(or)

A quasi particle introduced to describe small departures from complete ordering of electron spins in ferro, ferri, and antiferro- magnetic substances.  


Majarona Forces

A nuclear force in which there is exchange of position coordinates only but not spin coordinates.


Manometer

Device used to measure pressure in terms of difference in height of two mercury columns, one open to atmosphere and other connected to source of unknown pressure.


Marginal Rays

The rays of light incident from the principle axis are called marginal rays.


Mars

It is fourth planet from sun in our solar system named after Roman god of war; which has period of revolution about sun of 687 days at a mean distance of 227.9 million km and a mean diameter of approximately 6,794kms.


Martensite

It is a meta-stable iron phase super saturated in Carbon that is the product of diffusion less transformation from Austenitic. 


MASER

It is acronym for Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of radiation. First MASER was built in 1951 by Charles. H. Townes. It is a device for coherent amplification or generation of electromagnetic waves by use of excitation energy in resonant atomic or molecular systems. The device uses an unstable ensemble of atoms or molecules that may be stimulated by an electromagnetic wave to radiate energy at same frequency and phase as simulating wave, thus providing coherent amplification.  


Mass Defect

The measured mass or actual mass of atom is less than sum of masses of constituent nucleons. The difference is referred to as    mass defect.


Mass Number

It is the number which represents the total sum of nucleons for a particular atom. It is denoted as superscript to an element.


Mass Spectrometer

Mass spectroscopy is a methodology that is extensively used to determine properties of charged particles. The basic principle of this technique is to dissociate the sample into smaller fragments and then let them pass through a high magnetic field. The charged particles get deflected in the magnetic field with the degree of deflection proportional to their mass to charge ratio (m/e). These deflected particles are then collected by a position sensitive detector, such as a micro channel PMT.


Mass

Mass is an attribute and not a physical thing. Mass is the attribute “inertia” of a physical object or of whatever is contained in a specific region of space.


Materialistic Wave

Louis de Broglie postulated that a wave has to be associated with each moving material particle called as matter wave. The wavelength of this wave is determined by momentum of particle. The waves are not perceptible for macroscopic bodies but for microscopic bodies.


Material Science/Engineering

The discipline of materials science involves the investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, Materials Engineering is on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.


Matheissan’s Rule

According to this rule, electrical resistivity of metals is sum of resistivity due to impurities and temperature dependant resistivity.  Even at absolute zero, the metals have non zero resistivity which is due to presence of impurities.


Matter

It is tangible stuff; what when one can touch and sense with your hands and so a physical thing.


Maxwell

The CGS unit of magnetic flux defined as the flux through one square centimeter normal to a magnetic field of 1 Gauss.


Mcleod Gauge

A McLeod gauge is an absolute pressure standard to which many other vacuum gauges are calibrated.  It will accurately measure the total pressure of non-condensable permanent gases (i.e. hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) in a vacuum system, but will not correctly measure condensable vapors if present. This form of vacuum gauge was invented in 1874 By H. G. McLeod to measure pressures of the order of 10-2 to 10-7 Torr. The calibration of the gauge for non-condensable gases is based upon Boyles’ law for gases and therefore measurement of the volume of the glass bulb and the volume per unit length or bore of the capillary tubes is made with high precision.


Mean

The mean, except in statistics courses and scientific journals, is more commonly known as the average. The mean is perhaps the most widely used and reported measure of central tendency. The mean is quite simple to calculate: Simply add all the numbers in the data set and then divide by the total number of entries. The result is the mean of the distribution.


Mean Free Path

It is a microscopic quantity of a matter which is defined as average distance travelled by an atom/molecule/electron between two successive collisions in a medium.


Mean Deviation

The average of the deviations of the individual values from the arithmetic mean is called mean deviation.


Mean Life (Radiation Physics)

 Reciprocal of decay constant is called average life of radioactive species.


Mechanical Energy

 It is energy possessed by an object by virtue of its kinetic energy or potential energy or combination of   both.


Mechanical Equilibrium

When there is no unbalanced force between system and its surroundings, the system is said to be in mechanical equilibrium.


Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

 It is defined as work done to produce a quantity of heat. It is denoted by ‘J’. J=W/H. In CGS system ‘W’ is ergs, ‘H’ in calories, J= 4.18 Joules/Cal