A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Climate
The climate where you live is called regional climate. It is the average
weather in a place over more than thirty years. To describe the regional
climate of a place, people often tell what the temperatures are like over the seasons,
how windy it is, and how much rain or snow falls. The climate of a region
depends on many factors including the amount of sunlight it receives, its
height above sea level, the shape of the land, and how close it is to oceans.
Since the equator receives more sunlight than the poles, climate varies depending on distance from the equator.
Clipping
Circuit
Circuit with
which the waveform is shaped by removing a portion of applied wave is known as
clipping circuit.
Clock
Mechanical /
electrical device used for measuring and recording time.
Closed
System
System which
cannot exchange matter with surroundings but only exchanges energy with
surroundings.
Closely
Packed Structure
Crystal
structures which have high atomic packing fraction. There are two types of
closely packed structures i) Hexagonal closely packed ii) Face centered closely packed.
Cloud
Chamber
The first
instrument which made possible visual observation of tracks of charged
particles in their passage through matter was Wilson’s cloud chamber. The
principle of the chamber is that super cooled vapor condenses only on charged
particles and if charged particles are not present, they remain in vapor phase.
If saturated vapor in a chamber is suddenly subjected to an adiabatic
expansion, there will be an increase in volume which produces cooling rendering
saturated vapor to a super saturated unstable state. If some ions are present
in the chamber then condensation takes place on them. Ions are produced by
passage of high energy particles through chamber leading to tracks.
Cloud
Visible mass of
fine water droplets, ice particles suspended in atmosphere at high altitudes
above sea level.
Cluster
Group of galaxies is called as cluster.
Co-
axial System of Lenses
A combination of
lenses having a common principal axis is called a co- axial system of lenses.
Coaxial
Cable
Cables having construction of coaxial
geometry in which central conductor is separated from braid by insulator
Cobalt-60
This is a radioactive element formed by bombarding stable isotope of Cobalt i.e. Co59 with neutrons. Cobalt-60 has half life of 5.3 years which decays by emitting beta followed by gamma rays. In 99.87% decays, the gamma rays are emitted with 1.17 MeV and in other cases with 1.33 MeV.
Coefficient
of Areal Expansion
The ratio of
increase in area per degree rise of temperature to the original area of solid.
Coefficient
of Contraction
It is defined as
the ratio of the minimum cross-sectional area of a jet of liquid discharging
from an orifice to the area of the orifice.
Coefficient
of Linear Expansion
The ratio of
increase in length per degree rise of temperature to the original length of
solid.
Coefficient
of Mutual Inductance
When two inductors
are coupled, the mutual inductance is proportional to square root of product of
two inductances. The coupling coefficient has value between 0 and 1.
Coefficient
of Restitution
The coefficient of restitution is a
measure of the elasticity in a one-dimensional collision. It could be defined
as the ratio of the relative velocity after impact to the relative velocity
before the impact of two colliding bodies.
Coefficient
of Self Inductance
It is a quantity
that relates magnitude of self induced voltage in coil to the rate of change of
current in the coil. Its SI unit is Henry.
Coefficient
of Static Friction
It is proportionality
constant between friction and normal force acting on the object over the
surface.
Coefficient
of Linear Expansion
The ratio of
increase in length per degree rise of temperature to the original length of the
solid.
Coefficient
of Superficial Expansion
The ratio of
increase in area per degree rise of temperature to the original area of the
solid.
Coefficient
of Volume Expansion
The ratio of
increase in volume per degree rise of temperature to the original volume of the
solid.
Coercive
Field or Coercivity
In case of
ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials, a critical magnetic field must be
applied in direction opposite to original field to reduce the magnetic flux
density inside the specimen to zero, which is called coercive field and the phenomenon
is called coercivity.
Coherence
length
It is defined as
the maximum distance up to which the pair of electrons (cooper pair) is
correlated to produce superconductivity.
Coherence
Source
The source which
emits coherent waves with respect to both time & space is called coherent
source.
Coherent
Scattering
Type of
scattering in which photon when interacts with matter excites atom and gets
scattered.
Coherent Waves
Two light waves
of same frequency having constant phase difference are known as coherent waves.
Cohesion
The force of
attraction between molecules of same substance is called as cohesion.
Cohesive
Energy of Crystal
Energy of crystal
is lower than that of free atoms by an amount equal to the energy required to
pull the crystal apart into a set of free atoms. This is called binding energy
or cohesive energy.
Cold
Neutrons
Neutrons having
energy less than thermal neutrons are called as cold neutrons.
Cold
Welding
Welding in which
fusion of metal is achieved only by applying pressure and no heat.
Collimator
Device used for constraining the size and angle of spread of
a beam of radiation or particles parallel to the tube axis to traverse required
length.
Collision
It is the
interaction between the bodies for a small time interval due to which the
redistribution of momentum takes place.
Colloid
Particles substantially larger than atoms or ordinary molecules but too small to be visible to naked eye. In other words, any particle having dimension in range 10-7 To 10-3 cm.
