A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Ionosphere
It is that part of atmosphere which is
ionized by solar radiation. The region
exists at 85km to 600km altitude, and contains plasma. It influences radiation propagation to
distant places on earth.
Irradiation
Process of
exposing a substance to radiation beam of selective dose/energy/type is called
as irradiation.
Irrational
Number
Real number which
cannot be written as a simple fraction.
Irreversible
Change
The change which
cannot be reversed or the change which on reversing the process, magnitudes of ∆Q, ∆U &
∆W are not same as in direct process is called irreversible change.
Irreversible
Process
An irreversible
process does not involve restriction of adjusting the external conditions by
infitesimal quantities. The system need not remain in equilibrium during the
process. Irreversible processes are real processes and can be carried out
experimentally. All spontaneous transformations which occur in nature are real
processes and hence also irreversible.
Isobaric
Process
A process taking
place at constant pressure.
Isobars
Nuclides of
different elements having same number of nucleons are called isobars.
Isochoric
Process
A process taking
place at constant volume.
Isolated
System
The type of
system which has no interaction with its surroundings. Neither energy nor
matter can be transferred to or from it.
Isomers
Atoms having same
atomic number and mass number but differ from one another in their nuclear
energy states and exhibit differences in internal structure are called Isomers.
These nuclei are distinguished by their different life times.
Isospin
Neutrons and Protons are similar in all
respects except charge. On this basis, Heisenberg suggested that these
particles are just different manifestations of same inherent particle, the
nucleon. To describe their quantum state, quantum number used was termed as
isotopic spin quantum number by wigner. It is generally named as isospin or
T-spin. The isospin is a vector in a three dimensional space called isospin
space which has no relation to physical space.
Isothermal
Process
It is a physical
change in which temperature remains constant and there is exchange of heat
between system and surroundings and Boyle’s law holds good for this process.
Isotones
Nuclides of
elements having same number of Neutrons but different number of Protons are
called as isotones.
Isotopes
The atoms of an
element, which have same atomic number but different mass numbers are called as
isotopes. Number of protons inside the nucleus and number of electrons outside
the nucleus of such atoms is same but number of neutrons inside the nucleus is
different.
Isotopic
Abundance
Refers to the
existence of fraction of given isotope for a given element in its normal state.
Isotropic
Medium
The
medium in which measured properties are independent of direction of
measurement.
(or)
Substance in which a physical property have identical values in all crystallographic directions.
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