Calcination
Process
of heating a substance in air or oxygen to bring about changes in physical or
chemical constitution like thermal decomposition, phase transition etc is
called as Calcination.
(or)
In
Solgel method, the term applies to the heating of a polymer network containing
metal compounds, to convert it into oxide network.
Calcite
Calcite is also
called Iceland spar. Its chemical name is hydrated calcium carbonate. It is a
colorless crystal which is transparent to Visible & UV light. It exhibits
property of double refraction of light and is uniaxial type.
Calculus
It is the branch
of mathematics which focuses on limits, functions, derivations, integrals and
infinite series to study the change in function pertaining to physical
quantity.
Calorie
Quantity of energy
required to heat 1 gram of water through 1oC
Calorimeter
Apparatus used to
measure amount of heat absorbed or evolved during chemical reaction that
is change of phase or formation of
solution.
CAMAC
Layout
CAMAC modules are
housed in a CAMAC crate, which can accommodate up to 24 normal CAMAC modules.
Each module slot is called as station. Besides these 24 stations there is
another one reserved for the crate controller module. The controller module is
an integral part of the system and cannot be replaced by some other module.
Also, some controller modules have double widths and therefore take up two slot
positions. In such a case, the crate can accommodate up to 23 normal modules.
The back plane of a CAMAC crate is called DATA WAY. DATA WAY consists of not
only control, data, and bus lines but also module power lines. These lines are
connected to the modules through sockets. There are standard guidelines for the
current consumption at these sockets. The current should not exceed more than
3A at any of the sockets. Furthermore the power dissipation per station should
not exceed 8W. However this rating can be relaxed in certain situations up to a
maximum of 25W. The power rating for the whole crate is 200W.
CAMAC
Logic
The CAMAC logic
conforms to the standard TTL and DTL series logic with one exception that the
signal convention is inverted such that the high state corresponds to logic 0
and low state to logic 1.
CAMAC
Standard
CAMAC is an
acronym of Computer Automated Measurement and Control. This standard was
originally defined in 1969 by the ESONE Committee and was later on jointly
standardized by the NIM and ESONE committees. With its built-in controllers and
interface capabilities, CAMAC provides a more versatile architecture than NIM,
though at the expense of much more complicated and difficult customization. The
standard CAMAC backplane is called DATAWAY, which can be directly interfaced to
a computer. This feature of CAMAC system makes it far more advantageous over
its NIM counterpart where backplane does not have this functionality. In this
way one can talk to any module in the crate through simple CAMAC commands
without the need to connect it directly to a computer.
Camera
Device equipped
with lens for capturing light from objects and forms images on a film or stores
in the form of an image digitally. The lenses are made in a wide range of focal
lengths. The term camera comes from word obscura (Latin for “dark chamber”) on
early mechanism for project images.
Canal
Rays
Beams of positive
ions created in certain types of gas discharge tubes containing rarefied gas. They
were first observed in Crooke’s tube during experiments by German scientist
Eugen Goldstein in 1886.
Candela
A unit of luminous intensity equal to 1/60
of luminous intensity per square centimeter of a black body radiating at the
temperature of solidification of Platinum (2046 K)
(or)
The
candela is luminous intensity in a given direction, of a source that emits
monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 Hz and that has a
radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 Watt per Steradian.
Canonical
Ensemble
It is a
collection of large number of essentially independent systems having same
temperature, volume and number of particles.
