A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Induction
Heating
It is process of
heating metals without physical contact, which uses high frequency electricity
to heat materials that are electrically conductive. A source of high frequency
electricity is used to drive a large alternating current through a coil. The
passage of current through this coil generates a very intense and rapidly
changing magnetic field in the space within the work coil. The work piece to be
heated is placed with inverse alternate magnetic field. The alternating
magnetic field induces a current flow in the conductive work piece. Tremendous
currents flow in work piece and are called as eddy currents.
Inelastic
Collision
Collision in
which only momentum is conserved but not kinetic energy; the colliding bodies
undergo deformation.
Inertia
It is inherent
property of a body which resists undergoing a change in velocity.
Inertial
Frame
The
frame with respect to which an un-accelerated body appears un-accelerated is called
as inertial frame. In other words, frames which are at rest or in uniform
translatory motion relative to one another are inertial frames.
(or)
Frame in which Newton’s first law is true.
Inertial
Mass
The inertial mass
of a body may be defined as the ratio of the inertial force acting on the body
to the acceleration acquired.
Infrasonic
Waves
Sound waves of
frequency lower than audible limit are called infrasonic waves.
Inhomogeneous
System
A linear system
of equation AX=B is called inhomogeneous if B≠0.
Instrumental
Error
The error is
inherently present in the instrument. This error can be eliminated by replacing
the instrument with a similar one or by using a different method for the
measurement.
Insulation
Resistance
Resistance
offered by insulation between two electrodes. Unlike linear resistance,
insulation resistance depends on many parameters like surface resistivity, purity
of insulation, porosity etc.
Insulator
A non –metallic material that has a filled
valence band at 0 K and a relatively wide energy band gap. Consequently, the
room temperature electrical conductivity is very low, less than about 10-10
Ohm.m-1.
Intensity
of Radiation
The intensity of
radiation at a point is equal to the radiant energy incident per second on unit
area of a surface when the surface is held normal to the incident radiation.
Intensity
of Sound
It is the amount
of energy passing through a square meter every second. It is measured in watts
per square meter. The intensity of sound is related to its amplitude. If
amplitude doubles, the intensity is four times greater. Increasing intensity of
sound increases its loudness.
Intensity
(Sound)
Average
rate of transfer of energy per unit area, the area being perpendicular to the
direction of propagation of sound.
or
Amount
of sound energy crossing per second per unit area normal to the direction of
sound wave.
Inter
Diffusion
Diffusion of
atoms of one metal into another metal is called inter diffusion.
Interfacial
Defect
Interfacial
defects are boundaries that have two dimensions and normally separate regions
of material that have different crystal structures and/or crystallographic
orientations.
Interference
of Light
The
change in uniform distribution of light intensity in a medium due to
superposition of two light waves of nearly equal amplitudes, but of same
frequency travelling in same direction, is called interference of light.
(or)
Formation
of maximum intensity at some points and minimum intensity at some other points
by two identical light waves travelling in same direction is called
interference of light.
Interferometer
An instrument
that measures wavelength, minute distances, refracting of lenses, thickness etc
by comparison of interference patterns generated by splitting and reuniting of
a beam of light passed through a lens.
Intermolecular
Force
The term
'intermolecular forces' is used to describe all the forces, both attractive and
repulsive, between groups of neutral molecules or atoms. Intermolecular
forces are caused by the attractions and repulsions between the charged
particles that make up the atoms in molecules. They are separated into two groups; short range
and long range forces. Short range forces come into picture when the centers of
the molecules are separated by three angstroms (10-8 cm) or
less. Short range forces tend to be repulsive, where the long range forces that
act outside the three angstroms range are attractive. Long range forces are
also known as Vander Waals forces. They are responsible for surface tension,
friction, viscosity and differences between actual behavior of gases.
Intermolecular forces are responsible for most properties of all the
phases.
